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[[ch-contributing]]
== Contributing
:open-issues: https://github.com/nix-community/home-manager/issues
:new-issue: https://github.com/nix-community/home-manager/issues/new
:fork-a-repo: https://help.github.com/articles/fork-a-repo/
:create-a-pull-request: https://help.github.com/articles/creating-a-pull-request/
:seven-rules: https://chris.beams.io/posts/git-commit/#seven-rules
:news-nix: https://github.com/nix-community/home-manager/blob/master/modules/misc/news.nix
:nixfmt: https://github.com/serokell/nixfmt/
:example-commit-message: https://github.com/nix-community/home-manager/commit/69f8e47e9e74c8d3d060ca22e18246b7f7d988ef
Contributions to Home Manager are very welcome. To make the process as smooth as possible for both you and the Home Manager maintainers we provide some guidelines that we ask you to follow. See <<sec-contrib-getting-started>> for information on how to set up a suitable development environment and <<sec-guidelines>> for the actual guidelines.
This text is mainly directed at those who would like to make code contributions to Home Manager. If you just want to report a bug then first look among the already {open-issues}[open issues], if you find one matching yours then feel free to comment on it to add any additional information you may have. If no matching issue exists then go to the {new-issue}[new issue] page and write a description of your problem. Include as much information as you can, ideally also include relevant excerpts from your Home Manager configuration.
[[sec-contrib-getting-started]]
=== Getting started
If you have not previously forked Home Manager then you need to do that first. Have a look at GitHub's {fork-a-repo}[Fork a repo] for instructions on how to do this.
Once you have a fork of Home Manager you should create a branch starting at the most recent `master` branch. Give your branch a reasonably descriptive name. Commit your changes to this branch and when you are happy with the result and it fulfills <<sec-guidelines>> then push the branch to GitHub and {create-a-pull-request}[create a pull request].
Assuming your clone is at `$HOME/devel/home-manager` then you can make the `home-manager` command use it by either
1. overriding the default path by using the `-I` command line option:
+
[source,console]
$ home-manager -I home-manager=$HOME/devel/home-manager
+
or
2. changing the default path by ensuring your configuration includes
+
[source,nix]
----
programs.home-manager.enable = true;
programs.home-manager.path = "$HOME/devel/home-manager";
----
+
and running `home-manager switch` to activate the change. Afterwards, `home-manager build` and `home-manager switch` will use your cloned repository.
The first option is good if you only temporarily want to use your clone.
[[sec-guidelines]]
=== Guidelines
:irc-home-manager: https://webchat.oftc.net/?channels=home-manager
:valuable-options: https://github.com/Infinisil/rfcs/blob/config-option/rfcs/0042-config-option.md#valuable-options
:rfc-42: https://github.com/Infinisil/rfcs/blob/config-option/rfcs/0042-config-option.md
:assertions: https://nixos.org/manual/nixos/stable/index.html#sec-assertions
If your contribution satisfy the following rules then there is a good chance it will be merged without too much trouble. The rules are enforced by the Home Manager maintainers and to a lesser extent the Home Manager CI system.
If you are uncertain how these rules affect the change you would like to make then feel free to start a discussion in the {irc-home-manager}[#home-manager] IRC channel, ideally before you start developing.
[[sec-guidelines-back-compat]]
==== Maintain backward compatibility
Your contribution should not cause another user's existing configuration to break unless there is a very good reason and the change should be announced to the user through an {assertions}[assertion] or similar.
Remember that Home Manager is used in many different environments and you should consider how your change may effect others. For example,
- Does your change work for people that do not use NixOS? Consider other GNU/Linux distributions and macOS.
- Does your change work for people whose configuration is built on one system and deployed on another system?
[[sec-guidelines-forward-compat]]
==== Keep forward compatibility in mind
The master branch of Home Manager tracks the unstable channel of Nixpkgs, which may update package versions at any time. It is therefore important to consider how a package update may affect your code and try to reduce the risk of breakage.
The most effective way to reduce this risk is to follow the advice in <<sec-guidelines-valuable-options>>.
[[sec-guidelines-valuable-options]]
==== Add only valuable options
When creating a new module it is tempting to include every option supported by the software. This is _strongly_ discouraged. Providing many options increases maintenance burden and risk of breakage considerably. This is why only the most {valuable-options}[important software options] should be modeled explicitly. Less important options should be expressible through an `extraConfig` escape hatch.
A good rule of thumb for the first implementation of a module is to only add explicit options for those settings that absolutely must be set for the software to function correctly. It follows that a module for software that provides sensible default values for all settings would require no explicit options at all.
If the software uses a structured configuration format like a JSON, YAML, INI, TOML, or even a plain list of key/value pairs then consider using a `settings` option as described in {rfc-42}[Nix RFC 42].
[[sec-guidelines-add-tests]]
==== Add relevant tests
If at all possible, make sure to add new tests and expand existing tests so that your change will keep working in the future. See <<sec-tests>> for more information about the Home Manager test suite.
All contributed code _must_ pass the test suite.
[[sec-guidelines-module-maintainer]]
==== Add relevant documentation
:docbook: https://tdg.docbook.org/
:asciidoc: https://asciidoc.org/
:docbook-rocks: https://berbiche.github.io/docbook.rocks/
Many code changes require changing the documentation as well. Module options should be documented with DocBook. See {docbook-rocks}[DocBook rocks!] for a quick introduction and {docbook}[DocBook 5: The Definitive Guide] for in-depth information of DocBook. Home Manager is itself documented using a combination of DocBook and {asciidoc}[AsciiDoc]. All text is hosted in Home Manager's Git repository.
The HTML version of the manual containing both the module option descriptions and the documentation of Home Manager can be generated and opened by typing the following in a shell within a clone of the Home Manager Git repository:
[source,console]
$ nix-build -A docs.html
$ xdg-open ./result/share/doc/home-manager/index.html
When you have made changes to a module, it is a good idea to check that the man page version of the module options looks good:
[source,console]
$ nix-build -A docs.manPages
$ man ./result/share/man/man5/home-configuration.nix.5
==== Add yourself as a module maintainer
Every new module _must_ include a named maintainer using the `meta.maintainers` attribute. If you are a user of a module that currently lacks a maintainer then please consider adopting it.
If you are present in the NixOS maintainer list then you can use that entry. If you are not then you can add yourself to `modules/lib/maintainers.nix` in the Home Manager project.
Also add yourself to `.github/CODEOWNERS` as owner of the associated module files, including the test files. You will then be automatically added as a reviewer on any new pull request that touches your files.
Maintainers are encouraged to join the IRC channel and participate when they have opportunity.
[[sec-guidelines-code-style]]
==== Format your code
Make sure your code is formatted as described in <<sec-code-style>>. To maintain consistency throughout the project you are encouraged to browse through existing code and adopt its style also in new code.
[[sec-guidelines-commit-message-style]]
==== Format your commit messages
Similar to <<sec-guidelines-code-style>> we encourage a consistent commit message format as described in <<sec-commit-style>>.
[[sec-guidelines-news-style]]
==== Format your news entries
If your contribution includes a change that should be communicated to users of Home Manager then you can add a news entry. The entry must be formatted as described in <<sec-news>>.
When new modules are added a news entry should be included but you do not need to create this entry manually. The merging maintainer will create the entry for you. This is to reduce the risk of merge conflicts.
[[sec-guidelines-conditional-modules]]
==== Use conditional modules and news
Home Manager includes a number of modules that are only usable on some of the supported platforms. The most common example of platform specific modules are those that define systemd user services, which only works on Linux systems.
If you add a module that is platform specific then make sure to include a condition in the `loadModule` function call. This will make the module accessible only on systems where the condition evaluates to `true`.
Similarly, if you are adding a news entry then it should be shown only to users that may find it relevant, see <<sec-news>> for a description of conditional news.
[[sec-guidelines-licensing]]
==== Mind the license
The Home Manager project is covered by the MIT license and we can only accept contributions that fall under this license, or are licensed in a compatible way. When you contribute self written code and documentation it is assumed that you are doing so under the MIT license.
A potential gotcha with respect to licensing are option descriptions. Often it is convenient to copy from the upstream software documentation. When this is done it is important to verify that the license of the upstream documentation allows redistribution under the terms of the MIT license.
[[sec-commit-style]]
=== Commits
The commits in your pull request should be reasonably self-contained, that is, each commit should make sense in isolation. In particular, you will be asked to amend any commit that introduces syntax errors or similar problems even if they are fixed in a later commit.
The commit messages should follow the {seven-rules}[seven rules]. We also ask you to include the affected code component or module in the first line. That is, a commit message should follow the template
----
{component}: {description}
{long description}
----
where `{component}` refers to the code component (or module) your change affects, `{description}` is a very brief description of your change, and `{long description}` is an optional clarifying description. As a rare exception, if there is no clear component, or your change affects many components, then the `{component}` part is optional. See <<ex-commit-message>> for a commit message that fulfills these requirements.
[[ex-commit-message]]
.Compliant commit message
===============================================================================
The commit {example-commit-message}[69f8e47e9e74c8d3d060ca22e18246b7f7d988ef] contains the commit message
----
starship: allow running in Emacs if vterm is used
The vterm buffer is backed by libvterm and can handle Starship prompts
without issues.
----
which ticks all the boxes necessary to be accepted in Home Manager.
===============================================================================
Finally, when adding a new module, say `programs/foo.nix`, we use the fixed commit format `foo: add module`. You can, of course, still include a long description if you wish.
[[sec-code-style]]
=== Code Style
The code in Home Manager is formatted by the {nixfmt}[nixfmt] tool and the formatting is checked in the pull request tests. Run the `format` tool inside the project repository before submitting your pull request.
Keep lines at a reasonable width, ideally 80 characters or less. This also applies to string literals.
We prefer `lowerCamelCase` for variable and attribute names with the accepted exception of variables directly referencing packages in Nixpkgs which use a hyphenated style. For example, the Home Manager option `services.gpg-agent.enableSshSupport` references the `gpg-agent` package in Nixpkgs.
[[sec-news]]
=== News
Home Manager includes a system for presenting news to the user. When making a change you, therefore, have the option to also include an associated news entry. In general, a news entry should only be added for truly noteworthy news. For example, a bug fix or new option does generally not need a news entry.
If you do have a change worthy of a news entry then please add one in {news-nix}[`news.nix`] but you should follow some basic guidelines:
- The entry timestamp should be in ISO-8601 format having "+00:00" as time zone. For example, "2017-09-13T17:10:14+00:00". A suitable timestamp can be produced by the command
+
[source,console]
$ date --iso-8601=second --universal
- The entry condition should be as specific as possible. For example, if you are changing or deprecating a specific option then you could restrict the news to those users who actually use this option.
- Wrap the news message so that it will fit in the typical terminal, that is, at most 80 characters wide. Ideally a bit less.
- Unlike commit messages, news will be read without any connection to the Home Manager source code. It is therefore important to make the message understandable in isolation and to those who do not have knowledge of the Home Manager internals. To this end it should be written in more descriptive, prose like way.
- If you refer to an option then write its full attribute path. That is, instead of writing
+
----
The option 'foo' has been deprecated, please use 'bar' instead.
----
+
it should read
+
----
The option 'services.myservice.foo' has been deprecated, please
use 'services.myservice.bar' instead.
----
- A new module, say `foo.nix`, should always include a news entry that has a message along the lines of
+
----
A new module is available: 'services.foo'.
----
+
If the module is platform specific, e.g., a service module using systemd, then a condition like
+
[source,nix]
condition = hostPlatform.isLinux;
+
should be added. If you contribute a module then you don't need to add this entry, the merger will create an entry for you.
[[sec-tests]]
=== Tests
Home Manager includes a basic test suite and it is highly recommended to include at least one test when adding a module. Tests are typically in the form of "golden tests" where, for example, a generated configuration file is compared to a known correct file.
It is relatively easy to create tests by modeling the existing tests, found in the `tests` project directory.
The full Home Manager test suite can be run by executing
[source,console]
$ nix-shell --pure tests -A run.all
in the project root. List all test cases through
[source,console]
$ nix-shell --pure tests -A list
and run an individual test, for example `alacritty-empty-settings`, through
[source,console]
$ nix-shell --pure tests -A run.alacritty-empty-settings

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{ pkgs
# Note, this should be "the standard library" + HM extensions.
, lib ? import ../modules/lib/stdlib-extended.nix pkgs.lib }:
let
nmdSrc = pkgs.fetchFromGitLab {
name = "nmd";
owner = "rycee";
repo = "nmd";
rev = "2398aa79ab12aa7aba14bc3b08a6efd38ebabdc5";
sha256 = "0yxb48afvccn8vvpkykzcr4q1rgv8jsijqncia7a5ffzshcrwrnh";
};
nmd = import nmdSrc { inherit lib pkgs; };
# Make sure the used package is scrubbed to avoid actually
# instantiating derivations.
scrubbedPkgsModule = {
imports = [{
_module.args = {
pkgs = lib.mkForce (nmd.scrubDerivations "pkgs" pkgs);
pkgs_i686 = lib.mkForce { };
};
}];
};
buildModulesDocs = args:
nmd.buildModulesDocs ({
moduleRootPaths = [ ./.. ];
mkModuleUrl = path:
"https://github.com/nix-community/home-manager/blob/master/${path}#blob-path";
channelName = "home-manager";
} // args);
hmModulesDocs = buildModulesDocs {
modules = import ../modules/modules.nix {
inherit lib pkgs;
check = false;
} ++ [ scrubbedPkgsModule ];
docBook.id = "home-manager-options";
};
nixosModuleDocs = buildModulesDocs {
modules = let
nixosModule = module: pkgs.path + "/nixos/modules" + module;
mockedNixos = with lib; {
options = {
environment.pathsToLink = mkSinkUndeclaredOptions { };
systemd.services = mkSinkUndeclaredOptions { };
users.users = mkSinkUndeclaredOptions { };
};
};
in [
../nixos/default.nix
mockedNixos
(nixosModule "/misc/assertions.nix")
scrubbedPkgsModule
];
docBook = {
id = "nixos-options";
optionIdPrefix = "nixos-opt";
};
};
nixDarwinModuleDocs = buildModulesDocs {
modules = let
nixosModule = module: pkgs.path + "/nixos/modules" + module;
mockedNixDarwin = with lib; {
options = {
environment.pathsToLink = mkSinkUndeclaredOptions { };
system.activationScripts.postActivation.text =
mkSinkUndeclaredOptions { };
users.users = mkSinkUndeclaredOptions { };
};
};
in [
../nix-darwin/default.nix
mockedNixDarwin
(nixosModule "/misc/assertions.nix")
scrubbedPkgsModule
];
docBook = {
id = "nix-darwin-options";
optionIdPrefix = "nix-darwin-opt";
};
};
docs = nmd.buildDocBookDocs {
pathName = "home-manager";
modulesDocs = [ hmModulesDocs nixDarwinModuleDocs nixosModuleDocs ];
documentsDirectory = ./.;
documentType = "book";
chunkToc = ''
<toc>
<d:tocentry xmlns:d="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" linkend="book-home-manager-manual"><?dbhtml filename="index.html"?>
<d:tocentry linkend="ch-options"><?dbhtml filename="options.html"?></d:tocentry>
<d:tocentry linkend="ch-nixos-options"><?dbhtml filename="nixos-options.html"?></d:tocentry>
<d:tocentry linkend="ch-nix-darwin-options"><?dbhtml filename="nix-darwin-options.html"?></d:tocentry>
<d:tocentry linkend="ch-tools"><?dbhtml filename="tools.html"?></d:tocentry>
<d:tocentry linkend="ch-release-notes"><?dbhtml filename="release-notes.html"?></d:tocentry>
</d:tocentry>
</toc>
'';
};
in {
inherit nmdSrc;
options = {
json = hmModulesDocs.json.override {
path = "share/doc/home-manager/options.json";
};
};
manPages = docs.manPages;
manual = { inherit (docs) html htmlOpenTool; };
}

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[[ch-faq]]
== Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
=== Why is there a collision error when switching generation?
Home Manager currently installs packages into the user environment, precisely as if the packages were installed through `nix-env --install`. This means that you will get a collision error if your Home Manager configuration attempts to install a package that you already have installed manually, that is, packages that shows up when you run `nix-env --query`.
For example, imagine you have the `hello` package installed in your environment
[source,console]
----
$ nix-env --query
hello-2.10
----
and your Home Manager configuration contains
[source,nix]
----
home.packages = [ pkgs.hello ];
----
Then attempting to switch to this configuration will result in an error similar to
[source,console]
----
$ home-manager switch
these derivations will be built:
/nix/store/xg69wsnd1rp8xgs9qfsjal017nf0ldhm-home-manager-path.drv
[…]
Activating installPackages
replacing old ‘home-manager-path’
installing ‘home-manager-path’
building path(s) ‘/nix/store/b5c0asjz9f06l52l9812w6k39ifr49jj-user-environment’
Wide character in die at /nix/store/64jc9gd2rkbgdb4yjx3nrgc91bpjj5ky-buildenv.pl line 79.
collision between ‘/nix/store/fmwa4axzghz11cnln5absh31nbhs9lq1-home-manager-path/bin/hello’ and ‘/nix/store/c2wyl8b9p4afivpcz8jplc9kis8rj36d-hello-2.10/bin/hello’; use ‘nix-env --set-flag priority NUMBER PKGNAME’ to change the priority of one of the conflicting packages
builder for ‘/nix/store/b37x3s7pzxbasfqhaca5dqbf3pjjw0ip-user-environment.drv’ failed with exit code 2
error: build of ‘/nix/store/b37x3s7pzxbasfqhaca5dqbf3pjjw0ip-user-environment.drv’ failed
----
The solution is typically to uninstall the package from the environment using `nix-env --uninstall` and reattempt the Home Manager generation switch.
You could also opt to unistall _all_ of the packages from your profile with `nix-env --uninstall '*'`.
=== Why are the session variables not set?
Home Manager is only able to set session variables automatically if it manages your Bash or Z shell configuration. If you don't want to let Home Manager manage your shell then you will have to manually source the `~/.nix-profile/etc/profile.d/hm-session-vars.sh` file in an appropriate way. In Bash and Z shell this can be done by adding
[source,bash]
----
. "$HOME/.nix-profile/etc/profile.d/hm-session-vars.sh"
----
to your `.profile` and `.zshrc` files, respectively. The `hm-session-vars.sh` file should work in most Bourne-like shells.
=== How to set up a configuration for multiple users/machines?
:post-your-homenix: https://www.reddit.com/r/NixOS/comments/9bb9h9/post_your_homemanager_homenix_file/
A typical way to prepare a repository of configurations for multiple logins and machines is to prepare one "top-level" file for each unique combination.
For example, if you have two machines, called "kronos" and "rhea" on which you want to configure your user "jane" then you could create the files
- `kronos-jane.nix`,
- `rhea-jane.nix`, and
- `common.nix`
in your repository. On the kronos and rhea machines you can then make `~jane/.config/nixpkgs/home.nix` be a symbolic link to the corresponding file in your configuration repository.
The `kronos-jane.nix` and `rhea-jane.nix` files follow the format
[source,nix]
----
{ ... }:
{
imports = [ ./common.nix ];
# Various options that are specific for this machine/user.
}
----
while the `common.nix` file contains configuration shared across the two logins. Of course, instead of just a single `common.nix` file you can have multiple ones, even one per program or service.
You can get some inspiration from the {post-your-homenix}[Post your home-manager home.nix file!] Reddit thread.
=== Why do I get an error message about `ca.desrt.dconf`?
You are most likely trying to configure the GTK or Gnome Terminal but the DBus session is not aware of the dconf service. The full error you might get is
----
error: GDBus.Error:org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.ServiceUnknown: The name ca.desrt.dconf was not provided by any .service files
----
The solution on NixOS is to add
[source,nix]
services.dbus.packages = with pkgs; [ gnome.dconf ];
to your system configuration.
=== How do I install packages from Nixpkgs unstable?
If you are using a stable version of Nixpkgs but would like to install some particular packages from Nixpkgs unstable – or some other channel – then you can import the unstable Nixpkgs and refer to its packages within your configuration. Something like
[source,nix]
----
{ pkgs, config, ... }:
let
pkgsUnstable = import <nixpkgs-unstable> {};
in
{
home.packages = [
pkgsUnstable.foo
];
# …
}
----
should work provided you have a Nix channel called `nixpkgs-unstable`.
You can add the `nixpkgs-unstable` channel by running
[source,console]
----
# nix-channel --add https://nixos.org/channels/nixpkgs-unstable nixpkgs-unstable
# nix-channel --update
----
Note, the package will not be affected by any package overrides, overlays, etc.
=== How do I override the package used by a module?
:nixpkgs-overlays: https://nixos.org/nixpkgs/manual/#chap-overlays
By default Home Manager will install the package provided by your chosen `nixpkgs` channel but occasionally you might end up needing to change this package. This can typically be done in two ways.
1. If the module provides a `package` option, such as `programs.beets.package`, then this is the recommended way to perform the override. For example,
+
[source,nix]
programs.beets.package = pkgs.beets.override { enableCheck = true; };
2. If no `package` option is available then you can typically override the relevant package using an {nixpkgs-overlays}[overlay].
+
For example, if you want to use the `programs.skim` module but use the `skim` package from Nixpkgs unstable, then a configuration like
+
[source,nix]
----
{ pkgs, config, ... }:
let
pkgsUnstable = import <nixpkgs-unstable> {};
in
{
programs.skim.enable = true;
nixpkgs.overlays = [
(self: super: {
skim = pkgsUnstable.skim;
})
];
# …
}
----
+
should work OK.

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[[ch-installation]]
== Installing Home Manager
:nix-darwin: https://github.com/LnL7/nix-darwin/
Home Manager can be used in three primary ways:
1. Using the standalone `home-manager` tool. For platforms other than
NixOS and Darwin, this is the only available choice. It is also
recommended for people on NixOS or Darwin that want to manage their
home directory independent of the system as a whole. See
<<sec-install-standalone>> for instructions on how to perform this
installation.
2. As a module within a NixOS system configuration. This allows the
user profiles to be built together with the system when running
`nixos-rebuild`. See <<sec-install-nixos-module>> for a description of
this setup.
3. As a module within a {nix-darwin}[nix-darwin] system configuration.
This allows the user profiles to be built together with the system
when running `darwin-rebuild`. See <<sec-install-nix-darwin-module>>
for a description of this setup.
[[sec-install-standalone]]
=== Standalone installation
:nix-allowed-users: https://nixos.org/nix/manual/#conf-allowed-users
:nixos-allowed-users: https://nixos.org/nixos/manual/options.html#opt-nix.allowedUsers
1. Make sure you have a working Nix installation. Specifically, make
sure that your user is able to build and install Nix packages. For
example, you should be able to successfully run a command like
`nix-instantiate '<nixpkgs>' -A hello` without having to switch to the
root user. For a multi-user install of Nix this means that your user
must be covered by the {nix-allowed-users}[`allowed-users`] Nix
option. On NixOS you can control this option using the
{nixos-allowed-users}[`nix.allowedUsers`] system option.
2. Add the Home Manager channel that you wish to follow. If you are
following Nixpkgs master or an unstable channel then this is done by
running
+
[source,console]
----
$ nix-channel --add https://github.com/nix-community/home-manager/archive/master.tar.gz home-manager
$ nix-channel --update
----
+
and if you follow a Nixpkgs version 21.05 channel, you can run
+
[source,console]
----
$ nix-channel --add https://github.com/nix-community/home-manager/archive/release-21.05.tar.gz home-manager
$ nix-channel --update
----
+
On NixOS you may need to log out and back in for the channel to become
available. On non-NixOS you may have to add
+
[source,bash]
export NIX_PATH=$HOME/.nix-defexpr/channels${NIX_PATH:+:}$NIX_PATH
+
to your shell (see
https://github.com/NixOS/nix/issues/2033[nix#2033]).
3. Run the Home Manager installation command and create the first Home
Manager generation:
+
[source,console]
$ nix-shell '<home-manager>' -A install
+
Once finished, Home Manager should be active and available in your
user environment.
4. If you do not plan on having Home Manager manage your shell
configuration then you must source the
+
[source,bash]
$HOME/.nix-profile/etc/profile.d/hm-session-vars.sh
+
file in your shell configuration. Alternatively source
+
[source,bash]
/etc/profiles/per-user/$USER/etc/profile.d/hm-session-vars.sh
+
when managing home configuration together with system configuration.
+
Unfortunately, we currently only support POSIX.2-like shells such as
https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/[Bash] or
http://zsh.sourceforge.net/[Z shell].
+
For example, if you use Bash then add
+
[source,bash]
----
. "$HOME/.nix-profile/etc/profile.d/hm-session-vars.sh"
----
+
to your `~/.profile` file.
If instead of using channels you want to run Home Manager from a Git
checkout of the repository then you can use the
<<opt-programs.home-manager.path>> option to specify the absolute path
to the repository.
[[sec-install-nixos-module]]
=== NixOS module
Home Manager provides a NixOS module that allows you to prepare user
environments directly from the system configuration file, which often
is more convenient than using the `home-manager` tool. It also opens
up additional possibilities, for example, to automatically configure
user environments in NixOS declarative containers or on systems
deployed through NixOps.
To make the NixOS module available for use you must `import` it into
your system configuration. This is most conveniently done by adding a
Home Manager channel. For example, if you are following Nixpkgs master
or an unstable channel, you can run
[source,console]
----
# nix-channel --add https://github.com/nix-community/home-manager/archive/master.tar.gz home-manager
# nix-channel --update
----
and if you follow a Nixpkgs version 21.05 channel, you can run
[source,console]
----
# nix-channel --add https://github.com/nix-community/home-manager/archive/release-21.05.tar.gz home-manager
# nix-channel --update
----
It is then possible to add
[source,nix]
imports = [ <home-manager/nixos> ];
to your system `configuration.nix` file, which will introduce a new
NixOS option called `home-manager.users` whose type is an attribute
set that maps user names to Home Manager configurations.
For example, a NixOS configuration may include the lines
[source,nix]
----
users.users.eve.isNormalUser = true;
home-manager.users.eve = { pkgs, ... }: {
home.packages = [ pkgs.atool pkgs.httpie ];
programs.bash.enable = true;
};
----
and after a `nixos-rebuild switch` the user eve's environment should
include a basic Bash configuration and the packages atool and httpie.
[NOTE]
====
By default packages will be installed to `$HOME/.nix-profile` but they
can be installed to `/etc/profiles` if
[source,nix]
home-manager.useUserPackages = true;
is added to the system configuration. This is necessary if, for
example, you wish to use `nixos-rebuild build-vm`. This option may
become the default value in the future.
====
[NOTE]
====
By default, Home Manager uses a private `pkgs` instance that is
configured via the `home-manager.users.<name>.nixpkgs` options. To
instead use the global `pkgs` that is configured via the system level
`nixpkgs` options, set
[source,nix]
home-manager.useGlobalPkgs = true;
This saves an extra Nixpkgs evaluation, adds consistency, and removes
the dependency on `NIX_PATH`, which is otherwise used for importing
Nixpkgs.
====
[[sec-install-nix-darwin-module]]
=== nix-darwin module
Home Manager provides a module that allows you to prepare user
environments directly from the {nix-darwin}[nix-darwin] configuration
file, which often is more convenient than using the `home-manager`
tool.
To make the NixOS module available for use you must `import` it into
your system configuration. This is most conveniently done by adding a
Home Manager channel. For example, if you are following Nixpkgs master
or an unstable channel, you can run
[source,console]
----
# nix-channel --add https://github.com/nix-community/home-manager/archive/master.tar.gz home-manager
# nix-channel --update
----
and if you follow a Nixpkgs version 21.05 channel, you can run
[source,console]
----
# nix-channel --add https://github.com/nix-community/home-manager/archive/release-21.05.tar.gz home-manager
# nix-channel --update
----
It is then possible to add
[source,nix]
imports = [ <home-manager/nix-darwin> ];
to your nix-darwin `configuration.nix` file, which will introduce a
new NixOS option called `home-manager` whose type is an attribute set
that maps user names to Home Manager configurations.
For example, a nix-darwin configuration may include the lines
[source,nix]
----
users.users.eve = {
name = "eve";
home = "/Users/eve";
}
home-manager.users.eve = { pkgs, ... }: {
home.packages = [ pkgs.atool pkgs.httpie ];
programs.bash.enable = true;
};
----
and after a `darwin-rebuild switch` the user eve's environment
should include a basic Bash configuration and the packages atool and
httpie.
[NOTE]
====
By default user packages will not be ignored in favor of
`environment.systemPackages`, but they will be intalled to
`/etc/profiles/per-user/$USERNAME` if
[source,nix]
home-manager.useUserPackages = true;
is added to the nix-darwin configuration. This option may become the
default value in the future.
====
[NOTE]
====
By default, Home Manager uses a private `pkgs` instance that is
configured via the `home-manager.users.<name>.nixpkgs` options. To
instead use the global `pkgs` that is configured via the system level
`nixpkgs` options, set
[source,nix]
home-manager.useGlobalPkgs = true;
This saves an extra Nixpkgs evaluation, adds consistency, and removes
the dependency on `NIX_PATH`, which is otherwise used for importing
Nixpkgs.
====

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<refentry xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
<refmeta>
<refentrytitle><filename>home-configuration.nix</filename></refentrytitle>
<manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
<refmiscinfo class="source">Home Manager</refmiscinfo>
<!-- <refmiscinfo class="version"><xi:include href="version.txt" parse="text"/></refmiscinfo> -->
</refmeta>
<refnamediv>
<refname><filename>home-configuration.nix</filename></refname>
<refpurpose>Home Manager configuration specification</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsection>
<title>Description</title>
<para>
The file <filename>~/.config/nixpkgs/home.nix</filename> contains the
declarative specification of your Home Manager configuration. The command
<command>home-manager</command> takes this file and realises the user
environment configuration specified therein.
</para>
</refsection>
<refsection>
<title>Options</title>
<para>
You can use the following options in
<filename>home-configuration.nix</filename>:
</para>
<xi:include href="./nmd-result/home-manager-options.xml" />
</refsection>
<refsection>
<title>See also</title>
<para>
<citerefentry>
<refentrytitle>home-manager</refentrytitle>
<manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
</citerefentry>
</para>
</refsection>
</refentry>

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@ -0,0 +1,604 @@
<refentry xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
<refmeta>
<refentrytitle><command>home-manager</command>
</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
<refmiscinfo class="source">Home Manager</refmiscinfo>
</refmeta>
<refnamediv>
<refname><command>home-manager</command>
</refname><refpurpose>reconfigure a user environment</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsynopsisdiv>
<cmdsynopsis>
<command>home-manager</command> <group choice="req">
<arg choice="plain">
build
</arg>
<arg choice="plain">
instantiate
</arg>
<arg choice="plain">
edit
</arg>
<arg choice="plain">
expire-generations <replaceable>timestamp</replaceable>
</arg>
<arg choice="plain">
generations
</arg>
<arg choice="plain">
help
</arg>
<arg choice="plain">
news
</arg>
<arg choice="plain">
option <replaceable>option.name</replaceable>
</arg>
<arg choice="plain">
packages
</arg>
<arg choice="plain">
remove-generations <replaceable>ID …</replaceable>
</arg>
<arg choice="plain">
switch
</arg>
<arg choice="plain">
uninstall
</arg>
</group>
<sbr />
<arg>
-A <replaceable>attrPath</replaceable>
</arg>
<arg>
-I <replaceable>path</replaceable>
</arg>
<arg>
--flake <replaceable>flake-uri</replaceable>
</arg>
<arg>
-b <replaceable>ext</replaceable>
</arg>
<arg>
<group choice="req">
<arg choice="plain">
-f
</arg>
<arg choice="plain">
--file
</arg>
</group> <replaceable>path</replaceable>
</arg>
<arg>
<group choice="req">
<arg choice="plain">
-h
</arg>
<arg choice="plain">
--help
</arg>
</group>
</arg>
<arg>
<group choice="req">
<arg choice="plain">
-n
</arg>
<arg choice="plain">
--dry-run
</arg>
</group>
</arg>
<arg>
--option <replaceable>name</replaceable> <replaceable>value</replaceable>
</arg>
<arg>
--cores <replaceable>number</replaceable>
</arg>
<arg>
<group choice="req">
<arg choice="plain">
-j
</arg>
<arg choice="plain">
--max-jobs
</arg>
</group>
<replaceable>number</replaceable>
</arg>
<arg>
--debug
</arg>
<arg>
--keep-failed
</arg>
<arg>
--keep-going
</arg>
<arg>
--show-trace
</arg>
<arg>
--(no-)substitute
</arg>
<arg>
--no-out-link
</arg>
<arg>
<group choice="req">
<arg choice="plain">
-v
</arg>
<arg choice="plain">
--verbose
</arg>
</group>
</arg>
</cmdsynopsis>
</refsynopsisdiv>
<refsection>
<title>Description</title>
<para>
This command updates the user environment so that it corresponds to the
configuration specified in <filename>~/.config/nixpkgs/home.nix</filename> or <filename>~/.config/nixpkgs/flake.nix</filename>.
</para>
<para>
All operations using this tool expects a sub-command that indicates the
operation to perform. It must be one of
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term>
<option>build</option>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Build configuration into a <filename>result</filename> directory.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>
<option>instantiate</option>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Instantiate the configuration and print the resulting derivation.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>
<option>edit</option>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Open the home configuration using the editor indicated by
<envar>EDITOR</envar>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>
<option>expire-generations <replaceable>timestamp</replaceable></option>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Remove generations older than <replaceable>timestamp</replaceable> where
<replaceable>timestamp</replaceable> is interpreted as in the
<option>-d</option> argument of the <citerefentry>
<refentrytitle>date</refentrytitle>
<manvolnum>1</manvolnum> </citerefentry> tool. For example <literal>-30
days</literal> or <literal>2018-01-01</literal>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>
<option>generations</option>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
List all home environment generations.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>
<option>help</option>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Print tool help.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>
<option>news</option>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Show news entries in a pager.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>
<option>option <replaceable>option.name</replaceable></option>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Inspect the given option name in the home configuration, like <citerefentry>
<refentrytitle>nixos-option</refentrytitle>
<manvolnum>8</manvolnum> </citerefentry>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>
<option>packages</option>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
List all packages installed in <varname>home-manager-path</varname>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>
<option>remove-generations <replaceable>ID …</replaceable></option>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Remove indicated generations. Use the <option>generations</option>
sub-command to find suitable generation numbers.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>
<option>switch</option>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Build and activate the configuration.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>
<option>uninstall</option>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Remove Home Manager from the user environment. This will
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
remove all managed files from the home directory,
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
remove packages installed through Home Manager from the user profile,
and
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
optionally remove all Home Manager generations and make them
available for immediate garbage collection.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</para>
</refsection>
<refsection>
<title>Options</title>
<para>
The tool accepts the options
</para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term>
<option>-A <replaceable>attrPath</replaceable></option>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Optional attribute that selects a configuration expression in the
configuration file. That is, if <filename>home.nix</filename> contains
<programlisting language="nix">
{
joe-at-work = {pkgs, ...}: { home.packages = [ pkgs.fortune ]; };
joe-at-home = {pkgs, ...}: { home.packages = [ pkgs.cowsay ]; };
}
</programlisting>
then the command <command>home-manager switch -A joe-at-work</command>
will activate the profile containing the fortune program.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>
<option>-I <replaceable>path</replaceable></option>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Add a path to the Nix expression search path. For example, to build a
Home Manager profile using a specific Nixpkgs run <command>home-manager
-I nixpkgs=/absolute/path/to/nixpkgs build</command>. By default
<literal>&lt;nixpkgs&gt;</literal> is used.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>
<option>--flake <replaceable>flake-uri[#name]</replaceable></option>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Build Home Manager configuration from the flake, which must contain the
output homeConfigurations.name. If no name is specified it will first try
username@hostname and then username.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>
<option>-b <replaceable>extension</replaceable></option>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Enable automatic resolution of collisions between unmanaged and managed
files. The name of the original file will be suffixed by the given
extension. For example,
<screen>
<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>home-manager -b bck switch</userinput>
</screen>
will cause a colliding file <filename>~/.config/foo.conf</filename> to be
moved to <filename>~/.config/foo.conf.bck</filename>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>
<option>-f <replaceable>path</replaceable></option>
</term>
<term>
<option>--file <replaceable>path</replaceable></option>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Indicates the path to the Home Manager configuration file. If not given,
<filename>~/.config/nixpkgs/home.nix</filename> is used.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>
<option>-h</option>
</term>
<term>
<option>--help</option>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Prints usage information for the <command>home-manager</command> tool.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>
<option>-n</option>
</term>
<term>
<option>--dry-run</option>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Perform a dry-run of the given operation, only prints what actions would
be taken.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>
<option>--option <replaceable>name</replaceable> <replaceable>value</replaceable></option>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Passed on to <citerefentry>
<refentrytitle>nix-build</refentrytitle>
<manvolnum>1</manvolnum> </citerefentry>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>
<option>--cores <replaceable>number</replaceable></option>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Passed on to <citerefentry>
<refentrytitle>nix-build</refentrytitle>
<manvolnum>1</manvolnum> </citerefentry>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>
<option>-j <replaceable>number</replaceable></option>
</term>
<term>
<option>--max-jobs <replaceable>number</replaceable></option>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Passed on to <citerefentry>
<refentrytitle>nix-build</refentrytitle>
<manvolnum>1</manvolnum> </citerefentry>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>
<option>--debug</option>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Passed on to <citerefentry>
<refentrytitle>nix-build</refentrytitle>
<manvolnum>1</manvolnum> </citerefentry>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>
<option>--keep-failed</option>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Passed on to <citerefentry>
<refentrytitle>nix-build</refentrytitle>
<manvolnum>1</manvolnum> </citerefentry>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>
<option>--keep-going</option>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Passed on to <citerefentry>
<refentrytitle>nix-build</refentrytitle>
<manvolnum>1</manvolnum> </citerefentry>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>
<option>--show-trace</option>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Passed on to <citerefentry>
<refentrytitle>nix-build</refentrytitle>
<manvolnum>1</manvolnum> </citerefentry>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>
<option>--(no-)substitute</option>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Passed on to <citerefentry>
<refentrytitle>nix-build</refentrytitle>
<manvolnum>1</manvolnum> </citerefentry>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>
<option>--no-out-link</option>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Passed on to <citerefentry>
<refentrytitle>nix-build</refentrytitle>
<manvolnum>1</manvolnum> </citerefentry>
when running <command>home-manager build</command>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>
<option>-v</option>
</term>
<term>
<option>--verbose</option>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Activates verbose output.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsection>
<refsection>
<title>Files</title>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term>
<filename>~/.local/share/home-manager/news-read-ids</filename>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Identifiers of news items that have been shown. Can be deleted to reset
the read news indicator.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsection>
<refsection>
<title>Bugs</title>
<para>
Please report any bugs on the
<link
xlink:href="https://github.com/nix-community/home-manager/issues">project
issue tracker</link>.
</para>
</refsection>
<refsection>
<title>See also</title>
<para>
<citerefentry>
<refentrytitle>home-configuration.nix</refentrytitle>
<manvolnum>5</manvolnum> </citerefentry>
</para>
</refsection>
</refentry>

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<reference xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
<title>Home Manager Reference Pages</title>
<info>
<author><personname>Home Manager contributors</personname></author>
<copyright><year>2017–2020</year><holder>Home Manager contributors</holder>
</copyright>
</info>
<xi:include href="man-configuration.xml" />
<xi:include href="man-home-manager.xml" />
</reference>

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<book xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
version="5.0"
xml:id="book-home-manager-manual">
<info>
<title>Home Manager Manual</title>
</info>
<preface>
<title>Preface</title>
<para>
This manual will eventually describes how to install, use, and extend Home
Manager.
</para>
<para>
If you encounter problems then please reach out on the IRC channel
<link xlink:href="https://webchat.oftc.net/?channels=home-manager">#home-manager</link>
hosted by <link xlink:href="https://oftc.net/">OFTC</link>.
If your problem is caused by a bug in Home Manager then it should
be reported on the
<link xlink:href="https://github.com/nix-community/home-manager/issues">Home Manager issue tracker</link>.
</para>
<note>
<para>
Commands prefixed with <literal>#</literal> have to be run as root, either
requiring to login as root user or temporarily switching to it using
<literal>sudo</literal> for example.
</para>
</note>
</preface>
<xi:include href="installation.xml" />
<xi:include href="writing-modules.xml" />
<xi:include href="contributing.xml" />
<xi:include href="faq.xml" />
<appendix xml:id="ch-options">
<title>Configuration Options</title>
<xi:include href="./nmd-result/home-manager-options.xml" />
</appendix>
<appendix xml:id="ch-nixos-options">
<title>NixOS Module Options</title>
<xi:include href="./nmd-result/nixos-options.xml" />
</appendix>
<appendix xml:id="ch-nix-darwin-options">
<title>nix-darwin Module Options</title>
<xi:include href="./nmd-result/nix-darwin-options.xml" />
</appendix>
<appendix xml:id="ch-tools">
<title>Tools</title>
<xi:include href="./man-home-manager.xml" />
</appendix>
<xi:include href="./release-notes/release-notes.xml" />
</book>

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[[ch-release-notes]]
[appendix]
== Release Notes
This section lists the release notes for stable versions of Home Manager and the current unstable version.
:leveloffset: 1
include::rl-2111.adoc[]
include::rl-2105.adoc[]
include::rl-2009.adoc[]
include::rl-2003.adoc[]
include::rl-1909.adoc[]
include::rl-1903.adoc[]
include::rl-1809.adoc[]
:leveloffset: 0

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[[sec-release-18.09]]
== Release 18.09
The 18.09 release branch became the stable branch in September, 2018.

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[[sec-release-19.03]]
== Release 19.03
The 19.03 release branch became the stable branch in April, 2019.
[[sec-release-19.03-highlights]]
=== Highlights
:opt-home-file-source: opt-home.file._name_.source
This release has the following notable changes:
* The <<{opt-home-file-source}>> option now allows source files to be
hidden, that is, having a name starting with the `.` character. It
also allows the source file name to contain characters not typically
allowed for Nix store paths. For example, your configuration can now
contain things such as
+
[source,nix]
----
home.file."my file".source = ./. + "/file with spaces!";
----
* The type used for the systemd unit options under
<<opt-systemd.user.services>>, <<opt-systemd.user.sockets>>, etc. has
been changed to offer more robust merging of configurations. If you
don't override values within systemd units then you are not affected
by this change. Unfortunately, if you do override unit values you may
encounter errors.
+
In particular, if you get an error saying that a ``unique option'' is
``defined multiple times'' then you need to use the
https://nixos.org/nixos/manual/#sec-option-definitions-setting-priorities[`mkForce`]
function. For example,
+
[source,nix]
----
systemd.user.services.foo.Service.ExecStart = "/foo/bar";
----
+
becomes
+
[source,nix]
----
systemd.user.services.foo.Service.ExecStart = lib.mkForce "/foo/bar";
----
+
We had to make this change because the old merging was causing too
many confusing situations for people.
[[sec-release-19.03-state-version-changes]]
=== State Version Changes
The state version in this release includes the changes below. These
changes are only active if the <<opt-home.stateVersion>> option is set
to ``19.03'' or later.
* There is now an option <<opt-programs.beets.enable>> that defaults
to `false`. Before the module would be active if the
<<opt-programs.beets.settings>> option was non-empty.

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[[sec-release-19.09]]
== Release 19.09
The 19.09 release branch became the stable branch in October, 2019.
[[sec-release-19.09-highlights]]
=== Highlights
This release has the following notable changes:
* The `programs.firefox.enableGoogleTalk` and
`programs.firefox.enableIcedTea` options are now deprecated
and will only work if Firefox ESR 52.x is used.
* The `home-manager` tool now provides an `uninstall` sub-command that
can be used to uninstall Home Manager, if used in the standalone
mode. That is, not as a NixOS module.
[[sec-release-19.09-state-version-changes]]
=== State Version Changes
The state version in this release includes the changes below. These
changes are only active if the `home.stateVersion` option is set to
"19.09" or later.
* The <<opt-programs.firefox.package>> option now expects a wrapped
Firefox package and defaults to `pkgs.firefox`.
* The options <<opt-home.keyboard.layout>> and
<<opt-home.keyboard.variant>> now default to `null`, which indicates
that the system value should be used.

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[[sec-release-20.03]]
== Release 20.03
The 20.03 release branch became the stable branch in April, 2020.
[[sec-release-20.03-highlights]]
=== Highlights
This release has the following notable changes:
* Assigning a list to the <<opt-home.file>>, <<opt-xdg.configFile>>,
and <<opt-xdg.dataFile>> options is now deprecated and will produce a
warning message if used. Specifically, if your configuration currently
contains something like
+
[source,nix]
----
home.file = [
{
target = ".config/foo.txt";
text = "bar";
}
]
----
+
then it should be updated to instead use the equivalent attribute set form
+
[source,nix]
----
home.file = {
".config/foo.txt".text = "bar";
}
----
+
Support for the list form will be removed in Home Manager version
20.09.
* The `lib` function attribute given to modules is now enriched with
an attribute `hm` containing extra library functions specific for Home
Manager. More specifically, `lib.hm` is now the same as `config.lib`
and should be the preferred choice since it is more robust.
+
Therefore, if your configuration makes use of, for example,
`config.lib.dag` to create activation script blocks, it is recommended
to change to `lib.hm.dag`.
+
Note, in the unlikely case that you are
+
** using Home Manager's NixOS or nix-darwin module,
** have made your own Home Manager module containing an top-level
option named `config` or `options`, and
** assign to this option in your system configuration inside a plain
attribute set, i.e., without a function argument,
+
then you must update your configuration to perform the option
assignment inside a `config` attribute. For example, instead of
+
[source,nix]
----
home-manager.users.jane = { config = "foo"; };
----
+
use
+
[source,nix]
----
home-manager.users.jane = { config.config = "foo"; };
----
* The `services.compton` module has been deprecated and instead the
new module `services.picom` should be used. This is because Nixpkgs no
longer packages compton, and instead packages the (mostly) compatible
fork called picom.
* The list form of the <<opt-programs.ssh.matchBlocks>> option has
been deprecated and configurations requiring match blocks in a defined
order should switch to using DAG entries instead. For example, a
configuration
+
[source,nix]
----
programs.ssh.matchBlocks = [
{
host = "alpha.foo.com";
user = "jd";
}
{
host = "*.foo.com";
user = "john.doe";
}
];
----
+
can be expressed along the lines of
+
[source,nix]
----
programs.ssh.matchBlocks = {
"*.example.com" = {
user = "john.doe";
}
"alpha.example.com" = lib.hm.dag.entryBefore ["*.example.com"] {
user = "jd";
}
};
----
+
Support for the list form will be removed in Home Manager version
20.09.
[[sec-release-20.03-state-version-changes]]
=== State Version Changes
The state version in this release includes the changes below. These
changes are only active if the `home.stateVersion` option is set to
"20.03" or later.
* The <<opt-programs.zsh.history.path>> option is no longer prepended
by `$HOME`, which allows specifying absolute paths, for example,
using the xdg module. Also, the default value is fixed to
`$HOME/.zsh_history` and `dotDir` path is not prepended to it
anymore.
* The newsboat module will now default in displaying `queries` before `urls` in
its main window. This makes sense in the case when one has a lot of URLs and
few queries.

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[[sec-release-20.09]]
== Release 20.09
The 20.09 release branch became the stable branch in late September, 2020.
[[sec-release-20.09-highlights]]
=== Highlights
This release has the following notable changes:
* Nothing has happened.
[[sec-release-20.09-state-version-changes]]
=== State Version Changes
The state version in this release includes the changes below. These
changes are only active if the `home.stateVersion` option is set to
"20.09" or later.
* The options <<opt-home.homeDirectory>> and <<opt-home.username>> no
longer have default values and must therefore be provided in your
configuration. Previously their values would default to the content of
the environment variables `HOME` and `USER`, respectively.
+
--
Further, the options <<opt-xdg.cacheHome>>, <<opt-xdg.configHome>>,
and <<opt-xdg.dataHome>> will no longer be affected by the
`XDG_CACHE_HOME`, `XDG_CONFIG_HOME`, and `XDG_DATA_HOME` environment
variables. They now unconditionally default to
- `"${config.home.homeDirectory}/.cache"`,
- `"${config.home.homeDirectory}/.config"`, and
- `"${config.home.homeDirectory}/.local/share"`.
If you choose to switch to state version 20.09 then you must set these
options if you use non-default XDG base directory paths.
The initial configuration generated by
[source,console]
$ nix-shell '<home-manager>' -A install
will automatically include these options, when necessary.
--
* Git's `smtpEncryption` option is now set to `tls` only if both <<opt-accounts.email.accounts.\_name_.smtp.tls.enable>> and <<opt-accounts.email.accounts.\_name_.smtp.tls.useStartTls>> are `true`. If only <<opt-accounts.email.accounts.\_name_.smtp.tls.enable>> is `true`, `ssl` is used instead.
* The `nixpkgs` module no longer references `<nixpkgs>`. Before it would do so when building the `pkgs` module argument. Starting with state version 20.09, the `pkgs` argument is instead built from the same Nixpkgs that was used to initialize the Home Manager modules. This is useful, for example, when using Home Manager within a Nix Flake. If you want to keep using `<nixpkgs>` with state version ≥ 20.09 then add
+
[source,nix]
_module.args.pkgsPath = <nixpkgs>;
+
to your Home Manager configuration.
* The options `wayland.windowManager.sway.config.bars` and `opt-xsession.windowManager.i3.config.bars` have been changed so that most of the suboptions are now nullable and default to `null`. The default for these two options has been changed to manually set the old defaults for each suboption. The overall effect is that if the `bars` options is not set, then the default remains the same. On the other hand, something like:
+
--
[source,nix]
----
bars = [ {
command = "waybar";
} ];
----
will now create the config:
....
bar {
swaybar_command waybar
}
....
instead of
....
bar {
font pango:monospace 8
mode dock
hidden_state hide
position bottom
status_command /nix/store/h7s6i9q1z5fxrlyyw5ls8vqxhf5bcs5a-i3status-2.13/bin/i3status
swaybar_command waybar
workspace_buttons yes
strip_workspace_numbers no
tray_output primary
colors {
background #000000
statusline #ffffff
separator #666666
focused_workspace #4c7899 #285577 #ffffff
active_workspace #333333 #5f676a #ffffff
inactive_workspace #333333 #222222 #888888
urgent_workspace #2f343a #900000 #ffffff
binding_mode #2f343a #900000 #ffffff
}
}
....
--

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[[sec-release-21.05]]
== Release 21.05
The 21.05 release branch became the stable branch in May, 2021.
[[sec-release-21.05-highlights]]
=== Highlights
This release has the following notable changes:
* The <<opt-programs.broot.verbs>> option is now a list rather than an
attribute set. To migrate, move the keys of the attrset into the list
items' `invocation` keys. For example,
+
[source,nix]
----
programs.broot.verbs = {
"p" = { execution = ":parent"; };
};
----
+
becomes
+
[source,nix]
----
programs.broot.verbs = [
{
invocation = "p";
execution = ":parent";
}
];
----
* The <<opt-programs.mpv.package>> option has been changed to allow custom
derivations. The following configuration is now possible:
+
[source,nix]
----
programs.mpv.package = (pkgs.wrapMpv (pkgs.mpv-unwrapped.override {
vapoursynthSupport = true;
}) {
extraMakeWrapperArgs = [
"--prefix" "LD_LIBRARY_PATH" ":" "${pkgs.vapoursynth-mvtools}/lib/vapoursynth"
];
});
----
+
As a result of this change, <<opt-programs.mpv.package>> is no longer the
resulting derivation. Use the newly introduced `programs.mpv.finalPackage`
instead.
* The <<opt-programs.rofi.extraConfig>> option is now an attribute set rather
than a string. To migrate, move each line into the attribute set,
removing the `rofi.` prefix from the keys. For example,
+
[source,nix]
----
programs.rofi.extraConfig = ''
rofi.show-icons: true
rofi.modi: drun,emoji,ssh
'';
----
+
becomes
+
[source,nix]
----
programs.rofi.extraConfig = {
show-icons = true;
modi = "drun,emoji,ssh";
};
----
+
* The <<opt-programs.rofi.theme>> option now supports defining a theme
using an attribute set, the following configuration is now possible:
+
[source,nix]
----
programs.rofi.theme = let
# Necessary to avoid quoting non-string values
inherit (config.lib.formats.rasi) mkLiteral;
in {
"@import" = "~/.config/rofi/theme.rasi";
"*" = {
background-color = mkLiteral "#000000";
foreground-color = mkLiteral "rgba ( 250, 251, 252, 100 % )";
border-color = mkLiteral "#FFFFFF";
width = 512;
};
"#textbox-prompt-colon" = {
expand = false;
str = ":";
margin = mkLiteral "0px 0.3em 0em 0em";
text-color = mkLiteral "@foreground-color";
};
};
----
* The `services.redshift.extraOptions` and `services.gammastep.extraOptions`
options were removed in favor of <<opt-services.redshift.settings>> and
`services.gammastep.settings`, that are now an attribute set rather
than a string. They also support new features not available before, for
example:
+
[source,nix]
----
services.redshift = {
dawnTime = "6:00-7:45";
duskTime = "18:35-20:15";
settings = {
redshift = {
gamma = 0.8;
adjustment-method = "randr";
};
randr = {
screen = 0;
};
};
};
----
+
It is recommended to check either
https://github.com/jonls/redshift/blob/master/redshift.conf.sample[redshift.conf.sample] or
https://gitlab.com/chinstrap/gammastep/-/blob/master/gammastep.conf.sample[gammastep.conf.sample]
for the available additional options in each program.
* Specifying `programs.neomutt.binds.map` or `programs.neomutt.macros.map` as a
single string is now deprecated in favor of specfiying it as a list of
strings.
* The `programs.neovim.configure` is deprecated in favor of other `programs.neovim` options;
please use the other options at your disposal:
+
[source,nix]
----
configure.packages.*.opt -> programs.neovim.plugins = [ { plugin = ...; optional = true; }]
configure.packages.*.start -> programs.neovim.plugins = [ { plugin = ...; }]
configure.customRC -> programs.neovim.extraConfig
----
* Home Manager now respects the `NO_COLOR` environment variable as per
https://no-color.org/[].
* Qt module now supports <<opt-qt.style.name>> to specify a theme name and
<<opt-qt.style.package>> to specify a theme package. If you have set
<<opt-qt.platformTheme>> to `gnome`, a <<opt-qt.style.package>> compatible
with both Qt and Gtk is now required to be set. For instance:
+
[source,nix]
----
qt = {
platformTheme = "gnome";
style = {
name = "adwaita-dark";
package = pkgs.adwaita-qt;
};
};
----
* The library type `fontType` now has a `size` attribute in addition to `name`. For example:
+
[source,nix]
----
font = {
name = "DejaVu Sans";
size = 8;
};
----
* The <<opt-programs.htop.settings>> option is introduced to replace individual
options in `programs.htop`. To migrate, set the htop options directly in
<<opt-programs.htop.settings>>. For example:
+
[source,nix]
----
programs.htop = {
enabled = true;
settings = {
color_scheme = 5;
delay = 15;
highlight_base_name = 1;
highlight_megabytes = 1;
highlight_threads = 1;
};
};
----
[[sec-release-21.05-state-version-changes]]
=== State Version Changes
The state version in this release includes the changes below. These
changes are only active if the `home.stateVersion` option is set to
"21.05" or later.
* The `newsboat` module now stores generated configuration in
`$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/newsboat`.

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[[sec-release-21.11]]
== Release 21.11
This is the current unstable branch and the information in this
section is therefore not final.
[[sec-release-21.11-highlights]]
=== Highlights
This release has the following notable changes:
* All Home Manager modules are now loaded on all platforms. With this
change you will get a more descriptive error message if you attempt to
enable a module that is incompatible with the host platform.
+
Previously, modules that were platform specific would only be loaded
on that particular platform. For example, a module defining a
https://systemd.io/[systemd] service would only be loaded when the
host platform was Linux. This reduced evaluation times, simplified the
generated documentation, and made it impossible to accidentally use
modules that do not support the host platform.
+
While the above benefits are quite nice, avoiding module loads also
brings a few problems. For example, the
https://nix-community.github.io/home-manager/[public documentation]
will only show the options available for Linux hosts and the
documentation cannot make references to options within modules that
are unavailable on some hosts. Finally, users who wish to use the same
configuration file for different platforms cannot do so, even if the
platform incompatible options are unused.
+
Ultimately, the benefits of loading all modules won and the behavior
has now changed. For associated discussion see
https://github.com/nix-community/home-manager/issues/1906[issue #1906].
[[sec-release-21.11-state-version-changes]]
=== State Version Changes
The state version in this release includes the changes below. These
changes are only active if the `home.stateVersion` option is set to
"21.11" or later.
* Nothing has happened.

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[[ch-writing-modules]]
== Writing Home Manager Modules
:writing-nixos-modules: https://nixos.org/nixos/manual/index.html#sec-writing-modules
The module system in Home Manager is based entirely on the NixOS module system so we will here only highlight aspects that are specific for Home Manager. For information about the module system as such please refer to the {writing-nixos-modules}[Writing NixOS Modules] chapter of the NixOS manual.
[[sec-option-types]]
=== Option Types
:wikipedia-dag: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Directed_acyclic_graph&oldid=939656095
:gvariant-description: https://developer.gnome.org/glib/stable/glib-GVariant.html#glib-GVariant.description
Overall the basic option types are the same in Home Manager as NixOS. A few Home Manager options, however, make use of custom types that are worth describing in more detail. These are the option types `dagOf` and `gvariant` that are used, for example, by <<opt-programs.ssh.matchBlocks>> and <<opt-dconf.settings>>.
`hm.types.dagOf`::
Options of this type have attribute sets as values where each member is a node in a {wikipedia-dag}[directed acyclic graph] (DAG). This allows the attribute set entries to express dependency relations among themselves. This can, for example, be used to control the order of match blocks in a OpenSSH client configuration or the order of activation script blocks in <<opt-home.activation>>.
+
A number of functions are provided to create DAG nodes. The functions are shown below with examples using an option `foo.bar` of type `hm.types.dagOf types.int`.
+
`hm.dag.entryAnywhere (value: T)`:::
Indicates that `value` can be placed anywhere within the DAG. This is also the default for plain attribute set entries, that is
+
[source,nix]
----
foo.bar = {
a = hm.dag.entryAnywhere 0;
}
----
+
and
+
[source,nix]
----
foo.bar = {
a = 0;
}
----
+
are equivalent.
+
`hm.dag.entryAfter (afters: list string) (value: T)`:::
Indicates that `value` must be placed _after_ each of the attribute names in the given list. For example
+
[source,nix]
----
foo.bar = {
a = 0;
b = hm.dag.entryAfter [ "a" ] 1;
}
----
+
would place `b` after `a` in the graph.
+
`hm.dag.entryBefore (befores: list string) (value: T)`:::
Indicates that `value` must be placed _before_ each of the attribute names in the given list. For example
+
[source,nix]
----
foo.bar = {
b = hm.dag.entryBefore [ "a" ] 1;
a = 0;
}
----
+
would place `b` before `a` in the graph.
+
`hm.dag.entryBetween (befores: list string) (afters: list string) (value: T)`:::
Indicates that `value` must be placed _before_ the attribute names in the first list and _after_ the attribute names in the second list. For example
+
[source,nix]
----
foo.bar = {
a = 0;
c = hm.dag.entryBetween [ "b" ] [ "a" ] 2;
b = 1;
}
----
+
would place `c` before `b` and after `a` in the graph.
`hm.types.gvariant`::
This type is useful for options representing {gvariant-description}[GVariant] values. The type accepts all primitive GVariant types as well as arrays and tuples. Dictionaries are not currently supported.
+
To create a GVariant value you can use a number of provided functions. Examples assume an option `foo.bar` of type `hm.types.gvariant`.
+
`hm.gvariant.mkBoolean (v: bool)`:::
Takes a Nix value `v` to a GVariant `boolean` value. Note, Nix booleans are automatically coerced using this function. That is,
+
[source,nix]
----
foo.bar = hm.gvariant.mkBoolean true;
----
+
is equivalent to
+
[source,nix]
----
foo.bar = true;
----
`hm.gvariant.mkString (v: string)`:::
Takes a Nix value `v` to a GVariant `string` value. Note, Nix strings are automatically coerced using this function. That is,
+
[source,nix]
----
foo.bar = hm.gvariant.mkString "a string";
----
+
is equivalent to
+
[source,nix]
----
foo.bar = "a string";
----
`hm.gvariant.mkObjectpath (v: string)`:::
Takes a Nix value `v` to a GVariant `objectpath` value.
`hm.gvariant.mkUchar (v: string)`:::
Takes a Nix value `v` to a GVariant `uchar` value.
`hm.gvariant.mkInt16 (v: int)`:::
Takes a Nix value `v` to a GVariant `int16` value.
`hm.gvariant.mkUint16 (v: int)`:::
Takes a Nix value `v` to a GVariant `uint16` value.
`hm.gvariant.mkInt32 (v: int)`:::
Takes a Nix value `v` to a GVariant `int32` value. Note, Nix integers are automatically coerced using this function. That is,
+
[source,nix]
----
foo.bar = hm.gvariant.mkInt32 7;
----
+
is equivalent to
+
[source,nix]
----
foo.bar = 7;
----
`hm.gvariant.mkUint32 (v: int)`:::
Takes a Nix value `v` to a GVariant `uint32` value.
`hm.gvariant.mkInt64 (v: int)`:::
Takes a Nix value `v` to a GVariant `int64` value.
`hm.gvariant.mkUint64 (v: int)`:::
Takes a Nix value `v` to a GVariant `uint64` value.
`hm.gvariant.mkDouble (v: double)`:::
Takes a Nix value `v` to a GVariant `double` value. Note, Nix floats are automatically coerced using this function. That is,
+
[source,nix]
----
foo.bar = hm.gvariant.mkDouble 3.14;
----
+
is equivalent to
+
[source,nix]
----
foo.bar = 3.14;
----
+
`hm.gvariant.mkArray type elements`:::
Builds a GVariant array containing the given list of elements, where each element is a GVariant value of the given type. The `type` value can be constructed using
+
--
- `hm.gvariant.type.string`
- `hm.gvariant.type.boolean`
- `hm.gvariant.type.uchar`
- `hm.gvariant.type.int16`
- `hm.gvariant.type.uint16`
- `hm.gvariant.type.int32`
- `hm.gvariant.type.uint32`
- `hm.gvariant.type.int64`
- `hm.gvariant.type.uint64`
- `hm.gvariant.type.double`
- `hm.gvariant.type.arrayOf type`
- `hm.gvariant.type.maybeOf type`
- `hm.gvariant.type.tupleOf types`
--
+
where `type` and `types` are themselves a type and list of types, respectively.
+
`hm.gvariant.mkEmptyArray type`:::
An alias of `hm.gvariant.mkArray type []`.
+
`hm.gvariant.mkNothing type`:::
Builds a GVariant maybe value whose (non-existent) element is of the given type. The `type` value is constructed as described for the `mkArray` function above.
+
`hm.gvariant.mkJust element`:::
Builds a GVariant maybe value containing the given GVariant element.
+
`hm.gvariant.mkTuple elements`:::
Builds a GVariant tuple containing the given list of elements, where each element is a GVariant value.