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home-manager/modules/systemd.nix
Robert Helgesson 5c14260fad
systemd: make unit definitions freeform modules
We add types for a few of the most common attributes.
2025-09-17 16:26:12 +02:00

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{
config,
lib,
pkgs,
...
}:
let
cfg = config.systemd.user;
inherit (lib)
any
attrValues
hm
isBool
literalExpression
mkIf
mkMerge
mkEnableOption
mkOption
types
;
settingsFormat = pkgs.formats.ini { listsAsDuplicateKeys = true; };
# From <nixpkgs/nixos/modules/system/boot/systemd-lib.nix>
mkPathSafeName = lib.replaceStrings [ "@" ":" "\\" "[" "]" ] [ "-" "-" "-" "" "" ];
removeIfEmpty =
attrs: names: lib.filterAttrs (name: value: !(builtins.elem name names) || value != "") attrs;
toSystemdIni = lib.generators.toINI {
listsAsDuplicateKeys = true;
mkKeyValue =
key: value:
let
value' = if isBool value then (if value then "true" else "false") else toString value;
in
"${key}=${value'}";
};
buildService =
style: name: serviceCfg:
let
filename = "${name}.${style}";
pathSafeName = mkPathSafeName filename;
# Needed because systemd derives unit names from the ultimate
# link target.
source =
pkgs.writeTextFile {
name = pathSafeName;
text = toSystemdIni (
lib.filterAttrs (_: v: v != { }) (
lib.mapAttrs (_: lib.filterAttrs (_: v: v != null && v != [ ])) serviceCfg
)
);
destination = "/${filename}";
}
+ "/${filename}";
install = variant: target: {
name = "systemd/user/${target}.${variant}/${filename}";
value = { inherit source; };
};
in
lib.singleton {
name = "systemd/user/${filename}";
value = { inherit source; };
}
++ map (install "wants") (serviceCfg.Install.WantedBy or [ ])
++ map (install "requires") (serviceCfg.Install.RequiredBy or [ ]);
buildServices =
style: serviceCfgs: lib.concatLists (lib.mapAttrsToList (buildService style) serviceCfgs);
servicesStartTimeoutMs = builtins.toString cfg.servicesStartTimeoutMs;
unitBaseType =
unitKind: mod:
types.submodule {
freeformType =
with types;
let
primitive = oneOf [
bool
int
str
path
];
in
attrsOf (attrsOf (either primitive (listOf primitive)))
// {
description = "systemd ${unitKind} unit configuration";
};
imports = [
{
options.Unit = {
Description = mkOption {
type = types.nullOr types.str;
default = null;
example = "My daily database backup";
description = "A short human-readable label of the unit.";
};
Documentation = mkOption {
type = with types; coercedTo str lib.toList (listOf str);
example = [ "my-${unitKind}.${unitKind}" ];
default = [ ];
description = "List of URIs referencing documentation for the unit.";
};
};
}
mod
];
};
unitType = unitKind: types.attrsOf (unitBaseType unitKind { });
serviceType = types.attrsOf (
unitBaseType "service" {
options = {
Unit = {
X-Reload-Triggers = mkOption {
type = with types; listOf (either package str);
default = [ ];
example = literalExpression ''[ config.xdg.configFile."service.conf".source ]'';
description = ''
List of free form strings that can be used to trigger a service
reload during Home Manager activation.
'';
};
X-Restart-Triggers = mkOption {
type = with types; listOf (either package str);
default = [ ];
example = literalExpression ''[ config.xdg.configFile."service.conf".source ]'';
description = ''
List of free form strings that can be used to trigger a service
restart during Home Manager activation.
'';
};
X-SwitchMethod = mkOption {
type = types.enum [
null
"reload"
"restart"
"stop-start"
"keep-old"
];
default = null;
example = literalExpression ''[ "''${config.xdg.configFile."service.conf".source}" ]'';
description = ''
The preferred method to use when switching from an old to a new
version of this service.
'';
};
};
Service = {
Environment = mkOption {
type = with types; coercedTo str lib.toList (listOf str);
default = [ ];
example = [
"VAR1=foo"
"VAR2=\"bar baz\""
];
description = "Environment variables available to executed processes.";
};
ExecStart = mkOption {
type =
with types;
let
primitive = either package str;
in
either primitive (listOf primitive);
apply = lib.toList;
default = [ ];
example = "/absolute/path/to/command arg1 arg2";
description = "Command that is executed when this service is started.";
};
};
};
}
);
unitDescription = type: ''
Definition of systemd per-user ${type} units. Attributes are
merged recursively.
Note that the attributes follow the capitalization and naming used
by systemd. More details can be found in
{manpage}`systemd.${type}(5)`.
'';
unitExample =
type:
literalExpression ''
{
${lib.toLower type}-name = {
Unit = {
Description = "Example description";
Documentation = [ "man:example(1)" "man:example(5)" ];
};
${type} = {
};
};
};
'';
sessionVariables = mkIf (cfg.sessionVariables != { }) {
"environment.d/10-home-manager.conf".text =
lib.concatStringsSep "\n" (lib.mapAttrsToList (n: v: "${n}=${toString v}") cfg.sessionVariables)
+ "\n";
};
settings = mkIf (any (v: v != { }) (attrValues cfg.settings)) {
"systemd/user.conf".source = settingsFormat.generate "user.conf" cfg.settings;
};
configHome = lib.removePrefix config.home.homeDirectory config.xdg.configHome;
in
{
meta.maintainers = [ lib.maintainers.rycee ];
options = {
systemd.user = {
enable = mkEnableOption "the user systemd service manager" // {
default = pkgs.stdenv.isLinux;
defaultText = literalExpression "pkgs.stdenv.isLinux";
};
systemctlPath = mkOption {
default = "${pkgs.systemd}/bin/systemctl";
defaultText = literalExpression ''"''${pkgs.systemd}/bin/systemctl"'';
type = types.str;
description = ''
Absolute path to the {command}`systemctl` tool. This
option may need to be set if running Home Manager on a
non-NixOS distribution.
'';
};
services = mkOption {
default = { };
type = serviceType;
description = (unitDescription "service");
example = unitExample "Service";
};
slices = mkOption {
default = { };
type = unitType "slice";
description = (unitDescription "slice");
example = unitExample "Slice";
};
sockets = mkOption {
default = { };
type = unitType "socket";
description = (unitDescription "socket");
example = unitExample "Socket";
};
targets = mkOption {
default = { };
type = unitType "target";
description = (unitDescription "target");
example = unitExample "Target";
};
timers = mkOption {
default = { };
type = unitType "timer";
description = (unitDescription "timer");
example = unitExample "Timer";
};
paths = mkOption {
default = { };
type = unitType "path";
description = (unitDescription "path");
example = unitExample "Path";
};
mounts = mkOption {
default = { };
type = unitType "mount";
description = (unitDescription "mount");
example = unitExample "Mount";
};
automounts = mkOption {
default = { };
type = unitType "automount";
description = (unitDescription "automount");
example = unitExample "Automount";
};
startServices = mkOption {
type =
with types;
either bool (enum [
"suggest"
"sd-switch"
]);
apply = p: if isBool p then p else p == "sd-switch";
default = true;
description = ''
Whether new or changed services that are wanted by active targets
should be started. Additionally, stop obsolete services from the
previous generation.
The alternatives are
`suggest` (or `false`)
: Use a very simple shell script to print suggested
{command}`systemctl` commands to run. You will have to
manually run those commands after the switch.
`sd-switch` (or `true`)
: Use sd-switch, a tool that determines the necessary changes and
automatically apply them.
'';
};
servicesStartTimeoutMs = mkOption {
default = 0;
type = types.ints.unsigned;
description = ''
How long to wait for started services to fail until their start is
considered successful. The value 0 indicates no timeout.
'';
};
sessionVariables = mkOption {
default = { };
type = with types; attrsOf (either int str);
example = {
EDITOR = "vim";
};
description = ''
Environment variables that will be set for the user session.
The variable values must be as described in
{manpage}`environment.d(5)`.
'';
};
settings = mkOption {
apply =
sections:
sections
// {
# Setting one of these to an empty value would reset any
# previous settings, so well remove them instead if they
# are not explicitly set.
Manager = removeIfEmpty sections.Manager [
"ManagerEnvironment"
"DefaultEnvironment"
];
};
type = types.submodule {
freeformType = settingsFormat.type;
options =
let
inherit (lib) concatStringsSep escapeShellArg mapAttrsToList;
environmentOption =
args:
mkOption {
type =
with types;
attrsOf (
nullOr (oneOf [
str
path
package
])
);
default = { };
example = literalExpression ''
{
PATH = "%u/bin:%u/.cargo/bin";
}
'';
apply = value: concatStringsSep " " (mapAttrsToList (n: v: "${n}=${escapeShellArg v}") value);
}
// args;
in
{
Manager = {
DefaultEnvironment = environmentOption {
description = ''
Configures environment variables passed to all executed processes.
'';
};
ManagerEnvironment = environmentOption {
description = ''
Sets environment variables just for the manager process itself.
'';
};
};
};
};
default = { };
example = literalExpression ''
{
Manager.DefaultCPUAccounting = true;
}
'';
description = ''
Extra config options for user session service manager. See {manpage}`systemd-user.conf(5)` for
available options.
'';
};
};
};
# If we run under a Linux system we assume that systemd is
# available, in particular we assume that systemctl is in PATH.
# Do not install any user services if username is root.
config = mkIf (cfg.enable && config.home.username != "root") {
assertions = [
{
assertion = pkgs.stdenv.isLinux;
message = "This module is only available on Linux.";
}
];
xdg.configFile = mkMerge [
(lib.listToAttrs (
(buildServices "service" cfg.services)
++ (buildServices "slice" cfg.slices)
++ (buildServices "socket" cfg.sockets)
++ (buildServices "target" cfg.targets)
++ (buildServices "timer" cfg.timers)
++ (buildServices "path" cfg.paths)
++ (buildServices "mount" cfg.mounts)
++ (buildServices "automount" cfg.automounts)
))
sessionVariables
settings
];
# Run systemd service reload if user is logged in. If we're
# running this from the NixOS module then XDG_RUNTIME_DIR is not
# set and systemd commands will fail. We'll therefore have to
# set it ourselves in that case.
home.activation.reloadSystemd = hm.dag.entryAfter [ "linkGeneration" ] (
let
suggestCmd = ''
bash ${./systemd-activate.sh} "''${oldGenPath=}" "$newGenPath"
'';
sdSwitchCmd =
let
timeoutArg = if cfg.servicesStartTimeoutMs != 0 then "--timeout " + servicesStartTimeoutMs else "";
in
''
${lib.getExe pkgs.sd-switch} \
''${DRY_RUN:+--dry-run} $VERBOSE_ARG ${timeoutArg} \
''${oldUnitsDir:+--old-units $oldUnitsDir} \
--new-units "$newUnitsDir"
'';
systemdCmd = if cfg.startServices then sdSwitchCmd else suggestCmd;
# Make sure that we have an environment where we are likely to
# successfully talk with systemd.
ensureSystemd = ''
env XDG_RUNTIME_DIR="''${XDG_RUNTIME_DIR:-/run/user/$(id -u)}" \
PATH="${dirOf cfg.systemctlPath}:$PATH" \
'';
systemctl = "${ensureSystemd} systemctl";
in
''
systemdStatus=$(${systemctl} --user is-system-running 2>&1 || true)
if [[ $systemdStatus == 'running' || $systemdStatus == 'degraded' ]]; then
if [[ $systemdStatus == 'degraded' ]]; then
warnEcho "The user systemd session is degraded:"
${systemctl} --user --no-pager --state=failed
warnEcho "Attempting to reload services anyway..."
fi
if [[ -v oldGenPath ]]; then
oldUnitsDir="$oldGenPath/home-files${configHome}/systemd/user"
if [[ ! -e $oldUnitsDir ]]; then
oldUnitsDir=
fi
fi
newUnitsDir="$newGenPath/home-files${configHome}/systemd/user"
if [[ ! -e $newUnitsDir ]]; then
newUnitsDir=${pkgs.emptyDirectory}
fi
${ensureSystemd} ${systemdCmd}
unset newUnitsDir oldUnitsDir
else
echo "User systemd daemon not running. Skipping reload."
fi
unset systemdStatus
''
);
};
}