* Header files that are used by a compilation must be declared

explicitly.  If you forget a dependency, it's simply not visible to
  the compiler, and so the compilation fails.  This is a big plus over
  conventional Make.

examples/default.nix

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+[ (import ./trivial)
+  (import ./simple-header)
+]

examples/simple-header/default.nix

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+let {
+
+  inherit (import ../../lib) compileC link;
+
+  hello = link {objects = compileC {
+    main = ./hello.c;
+    localIncludes = [ [./hello.h "hello.h"] ];
+  };};
+
+  body = [hello];
+}

examples/simple-header/hello.c

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+#include "hello.h"
+
+int main(int argc, char * * argv)
+{
+    printf("Hello " WHAT "\n");
+    return 0;
+}

examples/simple-header/hello.h

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+#define WHAT "World"

examples/trivial/default.nix

@@ -5,4 +5,4 @@ let {
   hello = link {objects = compileC {main = ./hello.c;};};
 
   body = [hello];
-}
+}