Fix#14532.
As discussed on the call today:
1. We'll stick with `format = "base16"` and `hash = "<hash>"`, not do
`base16 = "<hash>"`, in order to be forward compatible with
supporting more versioning formats.
The motivation we discussed for someday *possibly* doing this is
making it easier to write very slap-dash lang2nix tools that create
(not consume) derivations with dynamic derivations.
2. We will remove support for non-base16 (and make that the default, not
base64) in `Hash`, so this is strictly forward contingency, *not*
yet something we support. (And also not something we have concrete
plans to start supporting.)
The old string format is a holdover from the pre JSON days. It is not
friendly to users who need to get the information out of it.
Also introduce the sort of versioning we have for derivation for this
format too.
SHA-256 is Git's next hash algorithm. The world is still basically stuck
on SHA-1 with git, but shouldn't be. We can at least do our part to get
ready.
On the C++ implementation side, only a little bit of generalization was
needed, and that was fairly straight-forward. The tests (unit and
system) were actually bigger, and care was taken to make sure they were
all cover both algorithms equally.
